WMRSS MIS/RIS – No Need for Endless Replication

At the Planning Inquiry (June 2005-May 2006) into the proposed Thames Gateway Bridge (a road scheme recommended against by the Inspector, and later scrapped by Boris Johnson), I pointed out that a river crossing which broadly fulfilled the TGB’s specification already existed at Dartford.

At the rather more fast transit Examination of the proposed West Midlands Regional Spatial Stategy (WMRSS) phase 2 Revision currently underway, I am again reminded of the strong tendency of development promoters to replicate facilities that already exist.

In this instance, the issue is whether Worcester and environs should accommodate a so-called “Manufacturing” and/or “Regional Investment Site”, as defined by the Regional Development Agency, Advantage West Midlands. Incidentally, an RIS is assigned to Longbridge, on the border between North Worcestershire and the West Midlands Conurbation.

In addition, a combined MIS/RIS already exists a relatively short distance to the  north of Worcester and is called Droitwich, although this appears to have escaped the attention of the South Worcestershire Joint Core Strategy (SWJCS), for some reason.

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Quantitative Tightening of Land Supply Needed

Much comment has been given over this week to the UK Government’s policy of  ”Quantitative Easing” ie increasing money supply. Already doubt has been cast on this policy. For instance, in The Independent today it is suggested that money thus created will go to foreign investors rather than provide a fiscal stimulus to the domestic economy.

@ Smart Limits to Growth we are looking for precisely the opposite to this Government’s policy on money supply with regard to the supply of development land. Also in this week’s media has been much comment on the many stalled regeneration projects around the country. We do not need a large-scale release of  greenfield development sites.

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My Draft List of Matters for WMRSS Proposed Phase 2 Revision

To the Panel Secretary

Thank you for your letter and email of last week, together with the minutes of the WMRSS Proposed Phase 2 Revision Pre-Examination Meeting and enclosed notes for guidance.

Below is the Draft List of Matters which I propose to cover in my Examination-in-Public Submission :

Matter 1. Context of the Phase 2 Revision

  • Do proposed changes constitute a Review ?
  • Sustainability Appraisal and SEA issues
  • Separation of Phases 2 and 3

Matter 2. Level of Growth in Region 2006-2026

  • Indicators of Dysfunctional Growth
  • The Real Economy (as distinct from speculative)
  • The Housing Market

Matter 3. The Spatial Strategy

  • Existing RSS likely to cope with “real” growth to 2016
  • Difference between  “spatial strategy” and “development scenario”
  • Proposed Phase 2 Revision needs more “nuanced” approach

Matter 4. The Sub-Regional Dimension (Worcestershire)

  • Importance of Urban Renaissance at sub-regional level
  • Legacy of previous regional planning policy ie dispersion
  • Transport issues eg proposed Worcestershire Parkway
  • Issues for South Worcestershire Joint Core Strategy

Matter 5. Housing

  • Causes and consequences of the “Credit Crunch”
  • Level of empty property in the region
  • Definitions of housing need and “affordability”
  • Issue of “new settlements” eg scale/location

Matter 6. Employment Land

  • “Investment Locations”  & sustainable regeneration
  • Proposals for “Regional Logistics Centres”
  • Employment land & sustainable development
  • Town centre, retail and office policies

Matter 7 . Waste

  • Need for sustainable, balanced and flexible policies

Matter 8. Transport

  • Demand management and modal shift issues
  • Transport investment priorities and relationship to RSS
  • Strategic park and ride (including  parkway stations)

Matter 9. Implementation, Monitoring and Review

My primary interests relate to :

  • SA/SEA and use of project environmental impact assessments
  • Quantum, phasing and type (brown/greenfield) of land supply
  • Links to RES and RHS and related delivery mechanisms

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Proposed WMRSS Phase 2 Revision Examination-in-Public Update

Further Letter to the Panel Secretary 5 February 2009 

Re  : Proposed WMRSS Phase 2 Revision Examination-in-Public

I am writing to you following last week’s Pre-Examination Meeting at the the Molineux Stadium in Wolverhampton.

As previously indicated, I would like to attend the second Pre-Examination Meeting and the Technical Seminar on Strategic Environmental Assessment/Habitats Regulation Assessment and “Water Issues” on 18 March.

Should there be a further seminar on “Implementation Issues”, particularly with regard to housing, I should also be interested in attending this.

I intend to provide a written submission on a number of issues identified in the draft List of Matters, and look forward to receiving the final version of this.

With regard to Matter 1, at last week’s meeting I raised the issue of whether the changes proposed to the current West Midlands Regional Spatial Strategy constitute a Review rather than a Revision. I suggest this issue should be addressed when the “procedural soundness of the RSS Revision” is considered and I would, therefore, welcome the opportunity to participate in the appropriate Examination hearing.

My wider interest in the Proposed WMRSS Phase 2 Revision Examination process might be summarised as follows :

The quantum and phasing of land supply for housing, employment  and associated physical and social infrastructure, and the implications of these for the environment, including landscape and built heritage, as well as for sustainable regeneration and urban renaissance at the regional and sub-regional levels.

Therefore, Matters 4  (The Sub-Regional Dimension, particularly with regard to the Remainder of South HMA/Worcestershire) and 9 (Implementation, Monitoring and Review) are also of considerable interest to me.

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Comments on Draft West Midlands Spatial Strategy Revision

To the Panel Secretary
WMRSS Phase 2 Revision
c/o Government Office
for the West Midlands

My comments are the draft Phase 2 Revision are as follows.

I fundamentally question the phasing of the WMRSS Revisions, and, in particular, the separation of major regional development issues (ie Phase 2) and major environmental issues, including flood risk (ie in Phase 3). 

I suggest that is a basic miscomprehension of land economy  and management underlies much of the work on which the WMRSS Phase 2 and 3 Revisions are based, and a fundamental reality check is needed over the next couple of years. The property market and nature (notably, through flooding) are now providing this : policy makers please take note

* These comments apply to the work of both the West Midlands Regional Assembly/?Development Agency and the GOWM Housing Consultant’s Report.

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West Midlands Regional Spatial Strategy

In January 2008, the Government Office for the West Midlands re-published the West Midlands Regional Spatial Strategy, incorporating the Phase 1 Black Country Revision. Here are some extracts from Chapter 3 :

“3. Development of the West Midlands : A Fundamental Change of Direction

3.1 The RPG (Regional Planning Guidance) process has provided the opportunity to fundamentally reassess the nature of the West Midlands and the different circumstances, threats and opportunities that each place within it faces. In doing so, the continued decentralisation of population and investment from the Major Urban Areas (MUAs) and the need to create balanced and stable communities across the Region have been identified as key issues. Sustainable communities: building for the future (a national plan of action) and the Regional plan (Sustainable communities in the West Midlands) mark a step change in the Government’s approach to sustainable communities through, among other things, setting in place lasting solutions to reverse decline and regenerate deprived areas.

3.2 An important factor in the trend of decentralisation from the MUAs has been the availability of development land in the settlements close to them. This has contributed to the loss of investment, abandonment and environmental degradation in the MUAs and increased development and environmental pressures in other parts of the Region. The dispersal of population and activities under-uses the social and physical resources of the MUAs and contributes to unsustainable development patterns that lead people to make more and longer journeys, more often than not by the private car.

3.3 At the same time some rural areas have suffered from insufficient economic activity and suitable housing development to support a balanced population. This has resulted in people either leaving or needing to travel greater distances access services and job opportunities….”

The following policy priorities are then identified :

Urban Renaissance – developing the MUAs in such a way that they can increasingly meet their own economic and social needs in order to counter the unsustainable outward movement of people and jobs facilitated by previous strategies.

Rural Renaissance – addressing more effectively the major changes which are challenging the traditional roles of rural areas and the countryside;

Diversifying and modernising the Region’s economy – ensuring that opportunities for growth are linked to meeting needs and that they help reduce social exclusion; and

Modernising the transport infrastructure of the West Midlands – supporting the sustainable development the Region.”

Unfortunately, the draft Phase 2 Revision of the Strategy, as well as GOWM’s own consultant’s report on housing, threatens the “Smart Limits to Growth” described above with patently unsustainable development.

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Greener homes for the Future ? An environmental analysis of the Government’s house-building plans

Yesterday, the Environmental Audit Committee of the House of Commons published the above titled report. The Summary of this recommends :

Where new homes should be built

The Government should ensure, in the current market downturn, an excess of land is not made available to developers, something which is already leading to greenfield sites being developed in preference to brownfield sites. As a key to this, the Government should urgently introduce a clear sequential test in favour of  brownfield sites in to planning policy….”

This issue was also raised by the Planning Inspector in his report on the Examination of Worcester City Council’s “Balanced Housing Market” Development Plan Document published in February 2008, in the section on “Sustainability Appraisal”.

The importance of phasing greenfield development to reflect the Government supposed target for 60% of new housing to be built on brownfield land, as well as the policies in favour of “urban renaissance”, is acknowledged in the proposed Revisions to the West Midlands Regional Spatial Strategy (WMRSS) and, albeit inadequately, in the South Worcestershire Join Core Strategy.

However, whether the reality will ultimately reflect the “policy” is a different matter altogether. With regard to SWJCS, for instance, my view is that Throckmorton Airfield, a major brownfield site, has to be retained as an option for housing development in the post 2016 period. The prospect of any housing development in this location before 2016 would compromise “urban renaissance” at both the local and regional levels.

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South Worcestershire Joint Core Strategy

My blogs @ http://crookbarrow.wordpress.com (West Midlands Spatial Planning : Quantum & Little Solace)and http://witchofworcester.wordpress.com (Birmingham & Detroitification) reflect a current pre-occupation with spatial planning and area regeneration in the West Midlands, and in particular the need to respond to a public consultation on Preferred Options for the South Worcestershire Joint Core Strategy (SWJCS) by tomorrow, 31 October 2008.

The SWJCS Preferred Options Consultation raises a number of issues as follows :

1. Should the outcome of next year’s Examination of the West Midlands Spatial Strategy (WMRSS) Phase 2 Revision Preferred Option bring a higher level of housing, this could lead to significant changes to SWJCS, and, therefore, the present consultation is premature.

2. I question anyway whether WMRSS needs the scale of Revision (in effect amounting to a Review) at this this time, and also oppose the separation of “major development issues” (Phase 2) and “major environmental issues” (Phase 3), and suggest these should be dealt with in a single revision document. 

3. The Sustainability Appraisals/Strategic Environmental Assessments (SEA) for both SWJCS and the October 2008 report commissioned by the Government Office for the West Midlands (GOWM) are in my view potentially “Unsound” in a number of important respects.

4. Areas of weakness (in no particular order) within the SWJCS Consultation document include :

  • Transport & Accessibility
  • Local Distinctiveness
  • Energy and Climate Change
  • Air Pollution
  • Flood Risk Management

5. The challenge of “Urban Renaissance” is particularly important for sustainable regeneration in the West Midlands, both at the regional level with regard to the Major Urban Areas (MUAs), and at the local level with regard to Worcester and other urban areas within South Worcestershire. The implications of this policy (which is supposedly pivotal to WMRSS) are inadequately reflected in SWJCS.

6. Finally, I have major reservations about the evidence-base for the WMRSS Phase 2 Revision, the October 2008 GOWM Report, and SWJCS, particularly as regards information and forecasts relating to the regional and local property markets and land/real economy.

On a positive note, I support the use of Areas Actions Plans/Development Plan Documents of the kind proposed in SWJCS for fringe areas adjoining Worcester City Centre, and suggest these could be used elsewhere, especially if, as I suspect, adoption of SWJCS is delayed and/or does not happen as envisaged.

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The Serious Consequences of Over-Expansion

On page 13 of yesterday’s Financial Times (FT UK Edition), in the “Comments” section, 2 sets of views of are juxtaposed : Martin Feldstein, a professor of economics at Harvard University, writes on “How to shore up America’s crumbling housing market”; and Dmitry Medvedev, President of the Russian Federation explains “Why I had to recognise Georgia’s breakaway regions”. By way of background, Russia’s economy has been strong, as has that of the Geogian Republic, until recently anyway, whilst the economy of the United States has been “crumbling”.

Indeed, as Professor Feldstein points out : “The risk of a downward spiral in house prices is the primary danger facing the American economy”. His erudite article goes on to explain that :

“The current decline in house prices is the natural result of a bubble that by 2006 had raised house prices to 60% above their long term trend. The sharp decline since then means that today’s prices are about 15% above the trend level. But while a further 15% decline may be inevitable, there is nothing to stop prices declining even further.”

The Professor then goes on propose measures for stablising house prices. However, nowhere does he refer to America’s (ie the United States) planning system which has facilitated an over-supply of land for development over a long period. To do so would, of course, go against the grain of the US’s growth ideology.

President Medvedev’s somewhat rhetorical article, on the other hand, recognises the centrality of the land issue, as he states :

“After the collapse of communism, Russia reconciled itself to the “loss” of 14 former Soviet republics, which became states in their own right, even though some 25 million Russians were left standed in countries no longer their own. Some of those nations were unable to treat their minorities with the respect they deserved. Georgia immediately stripped its “autonomous” regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia of their autonomy”

The article then goes on to refer to recent events in the Caucusus :

“We restored the peace but could not calm the fears and aspirations of of the South Ossetian and Abkazian peoples – not when Mr Saakashvili continued  (with the complicity and encouragement of the US and some other NATO members) to talk of re-arming his forces and reclaiming “Georgian territory”.

Now amidst all this conflict, the FT – very sensibly in my view – has been the leading advocate for economic common sense to prevail in the case of the Caucasus. “Investors pull out of Russia amidst crisis” was the headline in Friday 23 August’s edition, with “veteran” (albeit she’s quite a young North American woman !) Russian correspondent Chrystia Freeland recommending that the “West should target oligarchs to influence Russia”.

So what does all this presage for the American housing market you might ask ? My recommendation is that the United States needs to look much more closely at some of its own prevalent (and more subterranean) ideologies in both domestic and Geo-politics. As with the relationship between land supply and housing markets, my guess is that there’s a lack of peripheral vision and a lot of selective memory amongst the ruling elites “over there”, and “over here” for that matter. As for the Russian Federation and independent former Soviet republics, they also need to reminds themselves : “It’s the Economy, Stupid !”.

Oh yes, and Jaw-Jaw is better than War-War !

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Why More doesn’t mean More Affordable

The Financial Times reported in 2006 that Spain had some 4 million empty new apartments. In recent years, Spain has built more housing than Britain, France and Germany combined. Yet housing remains unaffordable for many people in Spain, perhaps even more so now than in 2006 when loans based on very optimistic and, indeed, highly speculative assumptions about repayment ability were available there as elsewhere in the world, and particularly in the United States.

The fact is that many households are not suited to home ownership for a variety of reasons, and not least their low and/or precarious incomes. Encouraging such people to take out large loans which they have, in reality, little hope of repaying is nothing short of a crime. What is needed are highly targeted policies which provide access to social rented housing for people best suited to this, which may include many households currently forced into home ownership because of lack of choice and the social stigma of renting. 

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